Author: Eric Biegon

  • Ethiopia PM’s party wins landslide as fears grow of new conflict

    Ethiopia PM’s party wins landslide as fears grow of new conflict

    Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed is the big winner following the country’s general election as his party has retained its overwhelming parliamentary majority, despite the poll being overshadowed by conflict, accusations of repression and little participation by opposition parties.

    The Prosperity Party, which won 438 of the 501 contested seats, will form the new government with Abiy set to be sworn in for another term at the beginning of October. It is a boon for Abiy’s supporters, who believe he will continue with the economic gains he has overseen.

    But others fear the internal divisions and security challenges facing Africa’s second most-populous country are only going to get worse with Abiy at the helm.

    The 49-year-old first came to power amid anti-government protests in 2018, and he was at first hailed for his campaign to heal divisions – though he upset politicians from the northern region of Tigray who had dominated the government for more than two decades.

    Just a year later he won the Nobel Peace Prize, mainly for his efforts in ending hostilities with Ethiopia’s northern neighbour Eritrea.

    But security experts fear the country could be heading back to war, while the violent and deadly insurgencies in Ethiopia’s Amhara and Oromia regions show no sign of ending.

    On election day, 143 polling stations failed to open in the country’s two most-populous regions because of safety concerns caused by armed groups fighting the government.

    The Fano militias in Amhara and the proscribed Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) in Oromia, which both want greater autonomy, rejected the election and its results.

    The situation is also troubling in Tigray, which is still recovering from a two-year civil war that only ended in 2022. The region and its six million inhabitants, comprising 38 constituencies, were completely excluded from the poll amid rising fears that fighting could break out once more.

    Tigray borders Eritrea and during the war, its troops were allied with Ethiopian government forces. They were accused of widespread atrocities against Tigrayan civilians, which were denied. But since the conflict ended, relations between Addis Ababa and Asmara have sharply deteriorated.

    Eritrea, with its 1,350km (840-mile) coastline, accuses landlocked Ethiopia of having imperial ambitions. Over the last three years Abiy has repeatedly spoken of his country’s need to regain access to a Red Sea port, which it lost when Eritrea became independent in 1993.

    In a dramatic about-turn, Asmara has now allied itself with Tigray’s leaders – and should any new conflict erupt, it is likely that Eritrea would side with Tigrayan forces and vice-versa.

    Addis Ababa has also been accused of involvement in the civil war in Sudan, which borders both Ethiopia and Eritrea.

    Multiple reports have alleged that Addis Ababa has supported one of Sudan’s warring factions, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), although Ethiopia has repeatedly denied this.

    While Eritrea and Tigrayan forces have long been understood to have close links to the Sudanese military, which is fighting the RSF.

    It all makes for a toxic cocktail which could potentially spread across the region – and it does not look like Abiy is about to play peacemaker.

    The enmity between Abiy’s government and the Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the dominant party in the region, was supposed to have ended with the peace deal signed in November 2022.

    But both sides accuse each other of violating that agreement.

    The conflict was one of the most deadly this century, with the African Union’s mediator estimating some 600,000 people had died as the fighting drove the region to the precipice of famine. The government was accused of blocking food aid to the region – an allegation it denied.

    “The risks are real and are driven by both sides,” Cameron Hudson, an Africa analyst who once worked for the US State Department, told the BBC.

    Just before the election, the TPLF restored its pre-war administration, disbanding an interim one appointed by Prime Minister Abiy.

    “The Tigrayans bear responsibility for the growing tensions and they’ve been making moves and statements that suggest that they are preparing for a renewal of fighting,” said Hudson.

  • Ruto requires second-term to fulfil development agenda, says Kindiki

    Ruto requires second-term to fulfil development agenda, says Kindiki

    Deputy President Kithure Kindiki has urged Kenyans to support President William Ruto’s bid for a second term, arguing that the Constitution deliberately provides for a 10-year, two-term presidency to afford a Head of State sufficient time to initiate, implement, and complete national development programmes.

    Speaking on Sunday during an interdenominational worship and thanksgiving service in Ziwa, Soy Constituency, the Deputy President dismissed calls for the President to serve only one term, characterising such a stance as a misinterpretation of the Constitution.

    “The constitution has designed a two-term period for the President of Kenya to be able to start and complete programs, and therefore anybody trying to sell a narrative of anything short of a two-term must know they are undermining the constitution of Kenya,” Kindiki stated.

    The Deputy President highlighted that the two-term limit is a relatively recent constitutional safeguard, contrasting it with the previous arrangement that lacked any term limits. This, he noted, created a void that allowed Kenya’s first and second presidents, Mzee Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel arap Moi, to remain in office for 15 and 24 years respectively.

    He said the current Constitution, which Kenyans must now uphold, acknowledges that no president can fully deliver on development promises within a single five-year term. Hence, the provision for re-election allows a sitting president to account for progress made in the first term before seeking a mandate to complete their agenda.

    “Hakuna kitu kama one term kwa katiba. Yule mtu anasema one term hajasoma katiba. Term ya kwanza ni ya kuleta programs, kuleta policies, kuleta marekebisho na kuleta ile miradi ambayo inaambatana na ruwaza ya huyo kiongozi. Term ya pili ni ya kukamilisha,” he explained. (There is no such thing as a one-term presidency in the Constitution. Anyone who claims otherwise has not read it. The first term is for introducing programmes, policies, reforms, and projects aligned with a leader’s vision; the second term is for their completion.)

    According to the Deputy President, President Ruto has already initiated numerous programmes across sectors including agriculture, housing, healthcare, infrastructure, and social protection, and should be granted another five years to complete them for the benefit of Kenyans.

    The Deputy President also addressed the planned demonstrations scheduled for Thursday, June 25, cautioning organisers and participants against any acts of violence or destruction of property. While affirming that the right to protest is constitutionally guaranteed, he clarified that this right does not extend to lawlessness, and assured that security agencies would be deployed to maintain order.

    “On Thursday, there will be no monkey business anywhere in Kenya. If you wish to make noise in the town, make your noise, then go home in the evening. But matters of breaking shops, matters of injuring citizens, forget it,” Kindiki warned.

  • Murkomen warns against violence ahead of June 25 protests

    Murkomen warns against violence ahead of June 25 protests

    Interior and National Administration Cabinet Secretary Kipchumba Murkomen has urged Kenyans intending to participate in the June 25 demonstrations to exercise their constitutional rights peacefully. He warned that security agencies would act decisively against any criminal elements.

    Speaking at a Sunday service at AIC Lang’ata in Nairobi, Murkomen stated that the government would support lawful protests while ensuring that public order is maintained.

    “If you choose to exercise your rights under Article 37 this week, do so peacefully, while respecting the right of children to go to school, the right of people to own and protect their property, and the rights and livelihoods of other citizens,” he said.

    The CS emphasised that demonstrations must not disrupt public life or infringe upon the rights of others, calling for restraint and responsibility from participants.

    He further assured that peaceful protesters would receive police protection and guidance during the demonstrations.

    “If we all come peacefully to protest, no rungus, no machetes, no stones, no lighting fires, no violence, no stealing, no looting, the police will also escort and support those demonstrators, and in the evening, we shake hands and go home,” he stated.

    However, Murkomen issued a stern warning against any attempts to turn protests violent or criminal.

    “If it is a demonstration where we are mobilising gangs, people with violent intentions, unfortunately, I must say that the security architecture, the National Police Service, will have to do everything humanly possible to deal with all criminals who are going to cause chaos,” he said.

    He reiterated that the government’s responsibility is to safeguard the country and prevent a slide into anarchy.

    “We will take a very firm position to ensure that those who are going to cause chaos in our country are brought before the courts of law and held accountable because we cannot allow our country to degenerate into anarchy and chaos,” he asserted.

    Murkomen also cautioned political leaders against what he termed the exploitation of young people during protests.

    “Some leaders calling for protests and school closures have children studying abroad or are already grandparents, yet it is other people’s children who end up in the streets, being used for political gain at the expense of their safety and lives,” he remarked.

    He stressed that no life or property should be lost during the demonstrations, appealing for calm and restraint across the political divide.

    The CS further linked national stability to moral and institutional responsibility, urging leaders and citizens to act in the interest of future generations and to uphold peace during the planned protests.

  • El Nino to amplify climate variability in Africa with losses in GDP to exceed 5%, ACMAD

    El Nino to amplify climate variability in Africa with losses in GDP to exceed 5%, ACMAD

    The evolving El Nino phenomenon in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean is expected to amplify climate variability on the African continent, the African Center of Meteorological Applications for Development (ACMAD) is urging for anticipatory action to cushion against the adverse impacts of the weather phenomenon.

    “The strong 2026 El Niño is amplifying climate variability, driving severe drought and flood in coastal and equatorial regions,” said the ACMAD Director General Dr. Ousmane Ndiaye and notes that multiple climatic hazard risks are intensifying, demanding integrated early warning and humanitarian coordination.

    Speaking at the close of the 21st African Continental Climate Outlook Forum (ACCOF-21) with the theme: “Preparing Africa for El Nino 2026/2027: Strengthening Readiness to Anticipate and Manage Climate Shocks”, Dr. Ndiaye said that co-production of climate services is improving preparedness, but warned that, the uptake of climate information released by climate scientists on the continent is still low.

    The ACMAD Director General called for urgent sector-specific investment and anticipatory action saying that, these is needed to safeguard lives and livelihoods, “El Niño in 2026 is one of the strongest in the last decades and it will have a significant impact on rainfall and temperature patterns throughout Africa, with impacts increasing the risk of floods in parts of the coastal regions of Eastern Africa, the Horn of Africa and equatorial areas, while causing prolonged droughts in the Sahel and the southern parts of the continent.

    He notes that food security, public health systems, energy supply and urban resilience are all at risk and will be impacted, “crops fail under erratic rainfall, hydropower inflows decline and disease outbreaks intensify in vulnerable communities,” warned Dr. Ndiaye and adds, “Urban centres could face flood risks that may negatively affect infrastructure and displace populations, both internally and cross-border migration may occur, bringing additional pressure on affected countries and humanitarian systems.”

    The ACMAD Director General is urging member states to put in place anticipatory measures, warning that without positive measures, the cost of inaction could exceeds 5% of the annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) the continental climate body is asking member states to prepare contingency measures that include addressing the needs within the agriculture sector, energy and infrastructure.

    “For southern Africa region, late onset to be followed by reduced rainfall could result in crop failure,” he says, “farmers should go for drought-resilient crop varieties.” According to the forecast there is need to improve disease surveillance, scale up heat health advisories and early warnings as hot and dry conditions are a risk.

    The Horn of Africa and Indian Ocean region countries will have above-normal rainfall during August-September-October, hence the need to expand cholera and malaria surveillance and integrate climate thresholds into health early warning systems. “Strengthen community-level health advisories, enhance disease surveillance and pre-deploy medical supplies as well as Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) supplies to flood-prone districts.”

    In the areas expected to receive reduced rainfall, ACMAD is urging for careful management of water reserves, apply conservation measures and rationing, invest in drought-resilient infrastructure, prioritise borehole rehabilitation in irrigation schemes and integrate urban water management.

    The Director of Sustainable Environment and Blue Economy at the African Union Commission (AUC) Harsen Nyambe called for the need to translate science into service and to use the information in decision making, “The purpose here, was to translate science into service and I believe that we have reached that part, but also we need to move it from service to decision making.”

    The Director of Sustainable Environment and Blue Economy urged member states to utilize the empirical evidence-based data from climate scientists, in making the right decisions ahead of the impacts that may arise following the El Nino weather phenomenon.

  • No Kenyan will be turned away in an emergency again – Ruto

    No Kenyan will be turned away in an emergency again – Ruto

    President William Ruto says his administration is transforming the country’s emergency healthcare system, with the introduction of free initial emergency treatment, the establishment of a national ambulance dispatch centre, and increased funding for primary healthcare under the universal health coverage initiative.

    Speaking at the 95th St John Ambulance Annual Parade and Inspection at State House, Nairobi, President Ruto stated that the reforms aim to ensure prompt medical attention for all citizens, particularly in life-threatening situations where delays have previously proven fatal.

    “Every Kenyan who requires emergency evacuation through this system will receive it free of charge,” he affirmed, highlighting a significant move to eliminate financial barriers to critical care.

    A key component of these reforms is the planned launch of Kenya’s first national ambulance dispatch centre, expected to be operational by the end of July. The system will make Kenya only the second country in Africa to implement a coordinated national ambulance dispatch framework.

    Once operational, the centre will be integrated into the country’s digital health infrastructure via the Digital Health Agency, facilitating real-time ambulance coordination and faster deployment of emergency services. It is projected to manage approximately 100,000 emergency evacuations annually.

    President Ruto explained that the new system is designed to rectify long-standing deficiencies in emergency response.

    “We are strengthening Kenya’s emergency response architecture and ensuring that life-saving assistance reaches every citizen wherever they may be,” he stated.

    He further noted that delays and a lack of coordination in emergency care have contributed to avoidable deaths, particularly in the critical moments following accidents or upon hospital arrival.

    The President also announced a significant policy change under the Social Health Authority (SHA), confirming that all accident victims will receive the first 24 hours of hospital care free of charge, irrespective of their registration status.

    “Henceforth, for every accident, when a victim arrives in hospital, the first 24 hours are paid for by SHA for everybody, those who are registered or those who are not registered,” he explained.

    This measure, according to the head of state, abolishes the long-standing requirement for upfront deposits before treatment, a practice Ruto stated had previously led to preventable deaths when patients were denied immediate care due to an inability to pay.

    Furthermore, he announced the establishment of an emergency critical care fund under the SHA to enhance rapid response and patient stabilisation during the crucial early hours of treatment.

    President Ruto also highlighted increased investment in the health sector, noting that funding for primary healthcare has been raised from KSh 13 billion to KSh 18 billion in the upcoming Finance Bill 2026.

    “In the budget and the finance bill that I’m going to sign on Tuesday, we have enhanced the resources that are going to PHC from Ksh 13 billion to Ksh 18 billion,” he confirmed, adding that this move is intended to ensure the full implementation of the government’s health commitments.

    He reiterated that healthcare access must be universal, arguing that no citizen should be excluded from treatment due to financial constraints.

    “It is not right that there can be citizens who cannot go to hospital… they prefer to stay at home and possibly die because they have no means,” he asserted.

    President Ruto also described the Social Health Authority as central to Kenya’s development agenda, designed to ensure every Kenyan has access to medical attention and the opportunity to live with dignity.

  • France bans alcohol at music festival events under red heatwave alert

    France bans alcohol at music festival events under red heatwave alert

    France has banned alcohol at some events at a massive national music festival on Sunday as a heatwave pushes temperatures towards record levels.

    Annual Fête de la Musique celebrations draw millions to the streets across France. But with a third of the country covered by the most serious heatwave warnings, the government has banned alcohol consumption in public places under the red alerts.

    “For all events organised by the state and its agencies, instructions have been given not to offer alcohol,” the office of Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu said.

    Temperatures of 39-40C (102-104F) are expected from the southwest through the Paris region into Burgundy on Sunday, with some areas possibly reaching 41C.

    Temperatures have been forecast to peak on Monday, and authorities have warned they could match historic highs.

    The government has called for limits on alcohol consumption “to preserve emergency and healthcare services and allow medical staff to focus on caring for the most vulnerable”.

    The heatwave has been going for days and has disrupted the country, forcing the cancellation of dozens of trains and the suspension of classes.

    France’s weather service Météo-France said it was “uncertain” how long the heatwave, which has been estimated to affect about three quarters of the population, would last.

    To help Parisians and tourists cope with the heat, authorities are keeping parks and gardens in the French capital open through the night.

    Fête de la Musique has been going for more than 40 years, and is always held on the summer solstice.

    Last year, about two million people attended events in Paris.

  • Mbadi lauds Ruto’s track record, dismisses critics as propagandists

    Mbadi lauds Ruto’s track record, dismisses critics as propagandists

    Finance and Economic Planning Cabinet Secretary John Mbadi has mounted a strong defence of President William Ruto’s administration, stating that it inherited a fragile economy but has since stabilised key sectors and set the country on a path to recovery.

    Speaking at a women’s economic empowerment event in Asumbi, Homa Bay County, Mbadi explained that the administration took office as Kenya continued to grapple with the economic aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and the emerging global disruptions caused by the war in Ukraine.

    “President Ruto took over power when we had just come out of the COVID period. And the effect of COVID was still with us and are still with us. As we speak, President Ruto took over power when the war in Ukraine had just begun. Today that war is still on,” he stated.

    Mbadi argued that these external shocks continue to influence domestic economic performance, contributing to inflationary pressures and supply chain disruptions affecting essential commodities.

    He further highlighted global geopolitical instability, citing recent tensions in the Middle East as additional pressure points impacting global trade and prices.

    “President Ruto took over power and then you saw the other day, Trump called for war with Iran. The destruction, the disturbance, and the interference with the supply chain of essential commodities have hit the whole world,” he elaborated.

    Locally, Mbadi noted that Kenya had also been affected by extreme weather events, including prolonged droughts and flooding, which he said had further strained the economy and livelihoods.

    Despite these challenges, the Treasury CS said the government had recorded significant progress in stabilising the economy, including managing Kenya’s debt position. He asserted that Kenya, previously listed among African countries at risk of debt default, had successfully averted that outcome.

    “Kenya was ranked among the six countries in Africa which were likely to default in paying their debts. Today, as we speak, only Kenya among the six has survived the debt default,” Mbadi declared.

    Mbadi also defended the administration’s economic recovery agenda, pointing to improvements in agriculture, infrastructure, education, and health.

    “Despite the tough times, President Ruto has revived the agricultural sector. Maize production has gone up twofold. Tea production has gone up. The sugar industry has been revived,” he said.

    He added that the government was also revitalising cotton and edible oil production as part of broader industrialisation efforts. In infrastructure, Mbadi noted that stalled road projects had been restarted and contractors paid, leading to renewed activity nationwide.

    “All road construction projects that had stalled across the country have been restarted. We have paid suppliers, we have paid contractors, and road construction is progressing,” he affirmed.

    On education, he stated that the government had increased funding and expanded teacher recruitment, describing it as the largest hiring programme in recent years.

    “We have employed 116,000 teachers over a five-year period. The education budget has been increased from Ksh526 billion to Ksh785 billion,” he detailed.

    Mbadi also cited increased investments in health, affordable housing, and market infrastructure projects being implemented across counties in partnership with devolved governments.

    He further highlighted social protection initiatives, including compensation for victims of election-related violence from previous electoral cycles, and a proposed stipend programme for clan elders.

    “This is the government that has allocated resources to compensate victims of violence from 2013, 2017 to date,” he said. “We have allocated 3.9 billion to provide stipends to clan elders across 290 constituencies and 47 counties.”

    Mbadi dismissed the administration’s critics, accusing them of ignoring ongoing reforms and economic gains.

    “The naysayers are just but mere propagandists. This government has done a lot given the circumstances under which President Ruto took over power,” he asserted.

    He urged residents to support the government’s agenda and back President Ruto’s re-election bid in the next general election, arguing that continuity would consolidate ongoing economic recovery programmes.

  • Mombasa set to launch nutrition support program for expectant mothers

    Mombasa set to launch nutrition support program for expectant mothers

    Following significant investments in the digitization of healthcare services across the county, Mombasa Governor Abdulswamad Shariff Nassir is set to roll out a comprehensive nutrition support initiative targeting pregnant women.

    The program, which will provide nutritious meals and dietary support to expectant mothers, is aimed at improving maternal health outcomes, reducing pregnancy-related complications, and ensuring healthier pregnancies and safer deliveries. By addressing nutritional needs during pregnancy, the county seeks to enhance the well-being of both mothers and their unborn children.

    The initiative will leverage the county’s newly digitized health system to identify beneficiaries, monitor maternal health indicators, and ensure efficient service delivery across health facilities.

    Governor Nassir has consistently emphasized the importance of investing in preventive healthcare and social protection programs. The upcoming initiative reflects the county government’s commitment to building a healthier Mombasa by supporting vulnerable groups and ensuring that every mother has access to the care and nutrition needed for a safe and successful pregnancy.

    The program is expected to complement ongoing healthcare reforms and further position Mombasa as a leader in innovative and people-centered healthcare delivery.

  • Nairobi steps into the global spotlight to forge the future of military AI governance

    Nairobi steps into the global spotlight to forge the future of military AI governance

    For generations, the rules governing international security and the laws of warfare have been written almost exclusively in the historic halls of Europe and the West. From the Geneva Conventions to the Hague Regulations, the Global South has traditionally been positioned as an observer rather than an architect of the frameworks that shape global peace. However, history is shifting on its axis.

    The announcement that Kenya will host the 4th Responsible AI in the Military Domain (REAIM) Summit in Nairobi on 7th and 8th April 2027 represents a watershed moment. Delivered in Geneva by Special Tech Envoy Amb. Philip Thigo, on behalf of Defence Cabinet Secretary Hon. Soipan Tuya, this milestone signals a profound transformation in global tech diplomacy, heralding Africa’s official ascension to the high table of global security governance.

    The REAIM Summit was created as a critical pressure valve, a premier global arena where competing nations, tech giants, defence institutions, and academics could align on rules for autonomous weapons and algorithmic warfare. The journey began with the inaugural summit in The Hague, Netherlands. The momentum then shifted to Seoul, South Korea, and then Coruña, Spain, which focused heavily on translating theories into operational practice under the Pathways to Action framework.

    Yet, as the technology has advanced, global consensus has grown more elusive. Deepening geopolitical rifts and fractured opinions on artificial intelligence regulation have left world military AI governance in a delicate, gridlocked state. This growing international deadlock is precisely what positions Kenya’s upcoming summit as a crucial turning point for the global community.

    As a non-aligned, highly respected mediator on the international stage, Kenya represents a fresh diplomatic canvas. Nairobi offers neutral ground where the Global North and the Global South can converge without the baggage of superpower rivalries. This unique positioning provides a rare opportunity to revive stalled treaties and shift the international focus away from high-level, abstract philosophy toward actual, practical implementation.

    The 2027 agenda in Nairobi will zero in on the concrete realities of defence technology, prioritizing capacity building, institutional readiness, and deeper public-private engagement to ensure that developing nations have the auditing tools necessary to protect their sovereignty. In fact, Kenya’s selection as the host of REAIM 2027 is not an accident of geography but rather the culmination of years of intentional tech diplomacy. Kenya laid the vital groundwork for this moment by hosting the second Africa Regional REAIM Consultations, uniting seventeen African nations to build a cohesive continental voice.

    Furthermore, Kenyan leadership has actively shaped the United Nations Secretary-General’s High-Level Advisory Body on AI and co-sponsored historic UN General Assembly resolutions on safe, trustworthy artificial intelligence.

  • KBC’s Millicent Kubai wins top honour at HIV reporting awards

    KBC’s Millicent Kubai wins top honour at HIV reporting awards

    KBC Radio journalist Millicent Kubai scooped the overall tittle at the inaugural Voices of impact HIV & STIs reporting media awards 2026 organised by AHF Kenya.

    Kubai’s radio feature story titled ‘ Life Beyond the Diagnosis’ saw her win both the grand title accompanied by a cash reward of Ksh 500,000, as well as emerging as the best in the Radio Journalism category.

    “I am happy to emerge as the winner; you know that emerging as the winner out of 99 entries is no mean feat. First, I thank KBC for giving me a platform to highlight my voice on the challenges facing Kenyans living with HIV in telling my story. I will invest the money and use the rest to produce more episodes. “Said elated Kubai

    Life beyond the diagnosis radio feature is a compelling story on how one should cope with life after a positive HIV test diagnosis, as well as coping with the stigma associated with it in society, and sheds light on hope.

    “I did Life beyond diagnosis to shed light on what goes on when one goes to the VCT center and tests positive, with many shying away from tests for fear of stigma, while others don’t know how to live with the disease after testing positive.

    It was also found that many women go for tests, while many shy off and instead keep on spreading the virus.” she added

    Her story emerged the best with a score of 117.9 out of the possible 140 points and

    According to the award’s jury, a total of 99 entries were shortlisted in the seven categories ranging from Print, digital, TV and Radio Journalism.

    The award aims to recognize and reward journalists who excel at telling stories that bring real experiences to life and deepen public understanding of complex issues associated with HIV.

    In addition to the annual awards, AHF Kenya provides grants to journalists to support their storytelling about HIV, including prevention, testing, and the use of ARVs.

    According to the National Syndemic Disease Control Council statistics, at least 1.48 million Kenyans are living with HIV, with an alarm over the rising infection rate of about 55% among the youth, despite the overall prevalence rate dropping this year.